There are obvious differences between cancerous cells and normal cells in morphology, chemical properties and mechanical properties. The detection of cytochemical and mechanical properties of tumor ...

The invention that first enabled researchers to see clear images of living cells was the phase-contrast microscope, which won its inventor, Frits Zernike, a Nobel Prize in 1932. Prior to Zernike's ...

This article describes a six-inch wafer inspection microscope that provides automated, reproducible differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging, regardless of the user’s skill level. Wafer ...

Biologists are very interested in how proteins, lipids and other compounds are organized and interact in systems. Very few organizational details can be gained by using standard transmission-based ...