Two basic measurement techniques exist for signal integrity characterization of gigabit interconnects in digital systems ” Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and frequency domain Vector Network Analysis ...

Signal speeds and devices continue to get faster and operating voltages continue to fall, placing ever increasing demands on signal and power integrity. If you haven’t already been measuring PCB ...

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is a very simple concept. A voltage pulse or step is applied to the end of a cable, and the reflections are measured and analyzed. As with most simple concepts, the ...