Vortexes are physical phenomena found throughout nature, including tornados and air turbulence, which is a vortex buildup process (Figure 1). Investigators have realized that turbulence is not a ...

The study of flow field visualization and analysis is a cornerstone of modern fluid dynamics research, merging advanced optical, computational, and machine learning techniques to elucidate the hidden ...

Vortex is a natural fluid phenomenon that is often of great consequence in almost any practical flow, such as shear layers, ...