By default, data stored in program variables is volatile (stored in RAM) and is lost when the program terminates. File handling allows developers to achieve data persistence, enabling programs to save ...

I see the issue clearly from your screenshot.

We replaced the read-then-insert operations with atomic INSERT ON CONFLICT upserts. The Result: 1. The entire write path became strictly idempotent. 2. Race conditions dropped to absolute zero. 3. We ...