装饰器的本质是一个强有力的约定：函数的输入输出不变，内部逻辑可以任意扩展。 你在维护一个线上服务，某天产品经理过来说：「给那个查询接口加一个权限校验，用户没登录的一律拒绝。」你找到那个函数，发现它已经被其他地方引用了三十多处。

Web scraping used to be simple. A few lines of Python, a requests.get() call, and the data you needed landed in your terminal. In 2026, that approach gets you blocked ...

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